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History of Earthquake in Nepal

History of Earthquake in Nepal

Earthquake is instance shaking of earth surface.The shaking is caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer(lithosphere).There are four different types of earthquakes:

But most naturally occurring earthquakes are related to the tectonic nature of the Earth.Such earthquakes are called tectonic earthquakes.

Actually ,what happens is two nearest tectonic plates (like Eurasia and Indian plate in context of Nepal) slides, bumps or hit everytime which raises friction and most of the times this friction will be small and we do not feel earthquake,but sometimes this friction will be greater then critical value and due to that friction, energy gets releases and this energy creates seismic waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking and we feel it which is earthquake.

Some Basic Information:

The junction of the India and Eurasia tectonic plates is the cause of earthquakes in the Himalayan region during April 2015

Actually ,there are three types of Tectonic earth quakes.

1)Convergent Plate Boundary: It occur when two tectonic plates moves toward each other. Massive Himalaya is created in this way.

2)Divergent Plate Boundary:It occur when two tectonic plates move away from each other. This types creates mid-oceanic ridges or rift valleys.Iceland is an example of a country undergoing a continental divergent boundary.

3)Transform Fault/Boundries:Here two tectonic plate slip by each other.

EarthQuake in Nepal

The junction of the India and Eurasia tectonic plates is the cause of earthquakes in the Himalayan region during April 2015.

Microseimic monitoring(It is a very fast and efficient tool to understand the seismotectonics of the region.) in Nepal started in November, 1978 by Department of Minesand Geology (DMG), Ministry of Industry, government of federal democratic republicof Nepal in collaboration with Laboratoire de Geophysique Appliquee, Paris University, France with the installation of first short period vertical seismic station Phulchoki (PKI) hilltop in the south of Kathmandu. The numbers of stations were augmented gradually to create the National Network consisting of 21 short period seismic stations in 1998 and 7 accelerometer stations in 2012. The network is operated in collaboration with Department of Analysis & Surveillance of Environment (DASE), France. The 21 short period seismic stations and 7 accelerometer stations occupy the Lesser Himalaya and Sub Himalayan terrain of Nepal Himalaya uniformly.
The recording is carried out at two centers Birendranagar Regional Seismological Centre (RSC), Surkhet and National Seismological Centre (NSC), Lainchour, Kathmandu. RSC records 9 stations of mid-western and far-western Nepal while NSC records the remaining 12 stations from Pyuthan to Taplejung. The stations are operated in two sensitivity channels allowing a dynamic range of 110 db. The signals are digitized centrally acquired using JADE software of DASE. The location is made with ONYX software of DASE since April, 2001. Before this ISIS software of DASE was used for acquisition & processing.

History of EarthQuake in Nepal

1.
1255 AD(1310 BS)

The first recorded earthquake in history of Nepal took place on June 7, 1255 AD. 2200 were killed including Abahya Malla( Malla Dynasty king of Nepal) Target Region :Kathmandu. Magnitude of the earthquake is said to be around 7.8 in Richter scale.

2. 1260 AD

This earthquake occurred during the reign of King Jayadev Malla .This is the next recorded big earthquake after 1255 AD.Target Region:Sagarmatha.Magnitude of the earthquake is said to be 7.1 in Richter scale where 100 were killed.

3.1344 AD

.This is the next recorded big earthquake after 1260 AD.Magnitude of earthquake is said to be 7.9 in Richter scale where 100 were killed.Epicenter of earthquake was Mechi Zone.

4.1408 August (1463 BS)

5)1505 AD

Magnitude of earthquake is said to be 8.7 were 6000 people were killed.Epicenter:Near Saldang, Karnali zone.

6)1681AD JanuaryThis earthquake occurred during the reign King Sri Niwas Malla where 4500 where killed.Magnitude of earthquake was 8.0Targetted region was Northern Koshi zone.

7)1767 AD

Targetted Region:Northern Bagmati zone. Magnitude of earthquake was 7.9 where 4000 were killed.

8)1833, 26 August

Occured during reign of Rajendra Bikram Shah. Epicenter:Kathmandu/Bihar. Magnitude of earthquake was 8.0 Ms where 6500 were killed.

9)1869 AD , 7 July

Affected Area:Kathmandu

Death:750

Magnitude: 6.5 Ms

10)1916 AD , 28 August

Epicenter:Nepal/Tibet

Death:3500

Magnitude:7.7 Ms

11)1934 AD (1990 BS )( 90 Salko Vukampa)

Affected Area: Nepal/India/Tibet

Magnitude: 8.0 Mw

Death:8519

12)1966 AD , 27 June

Epicenter:Nepal/India border

Magnitude:6.3 Ms

Death:80

13)1980, 29 July

Affected Area:Baitadi, Bajhang, Darchula

Magnitude:6.5 Ms

Death:200

14)1988 AD, 20 August

Affected Area: Eastern Development Region mostly affected and some parts of Central Development region

Magnitude:6.6 Ms

Death:1091

15)2011 AD , 18 September

Affected Area:Sikkim, India

Death:111

Magnitude: 6.9 Ms

16)2015, 25 April

Affected Area: Kathmandu , Gorkha district at Barpak

Death:9000

Magnitude:7.8 Mw

17)2015, 12 May

Affected Area:Nepal/China/Bangladesh

Death:213

Magnitude:7.3

Source :History From Wikipedia

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